Python tkinter
Blogs | Python

Python tkinter

Blogs | Python

Introduction

Python tkinter is a python interface to the Tk GUI toolkit shipped with python. Python tkinter is very useful and provides a fast and easy way to create GUI app.

Python Tkinter provides a powerful object-oriented interface to the Tk GUI toolkit. With Tkinter you can make windows, buttons, display text, images, and other things. While using it, you must import python tkinter module at first.

from tkinter import *
Or
import tkinter

All python Tkinter widgets have access to specific geometry management methods, which have the purpose of organizing widgets throughout the parent widget area. Tkinter exposes the following geometry manager classes:

Pack

The geometry manager organizes widgets in blocks before placing them in the parent widget. The possible options can be expanded, fill, and side.

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()
root.title("Geometry Management")
root.geometry("500x500")
frame = Frame(root) #Frame holds all the 
frame.pack()

#python tkinter button Widgets
redbutton = Button(frame, text="Red", fg="red")
redbutton.pack( side = LEFT)

greenbutton = Button(frame, text="Brown", fg="brown")
greenbutton.pack( side = LEFT )

bluebutton = Button(frame, text="Blue", fg="blue")
bluebutton.pack( side = LEFT )

bottomframe = Frame(root)
bottomframe.pack( side = BOTTOM )
blackbutton = Button(bottomframe, text="Black", fg="black")
blackbutton.pack( side = BOTTOM)
root.mainloop()
python tkinter

Grid

This geometry manager organizes widgets in a table-like structure in the parent widget. Some possible options are column, row, padx, pady, ipadx, and ipady.

import tkinter
root = tkinter.Tk(  )
for r in range(3):
   for c in range(4):
      tkinter.Label(root, text='R%s/C%s'%(r,c), borderwidth=1 ).grid(row=r,column=c, padx=5 , ipadx=30, pady= 5)
root.mainloop()
grid

Place

Organizes widgets by placing them in specific position in the parent widget. The possible options can be anchor, border mode, height, width, horizontal and vertical offset in pixels.

from tkinter import *
import tkinter.messagebox
top = Tk()

def helloCallBack():
   tkinter.messagebox.showinfo( "Hello Python", "Hello World")

B = tkinter.Button(top, text ="Hello", command = helloCallBack)

B.pack()
B.place(bordermode=OUTSIDE, height=100, width=100)
top.mainloop()
place

Python tkinter colors

Tkinter represents colors with strings. We can apply colors for objects in our program. There are two general way to specify colors. Hexadecimal and Standard colour.

Some color options

  • activebackground − Background color for the widget when the widget is active.
  • activeforeground − Foreground color for the widget when the widget is active.
  • background − Background color for the widget. This can also be represented as bg.
  • disabledforeground − Foreground color for the widget when the widget is disabled.
  • foreground − Foreground color for the widget. This can also be represented as fg.
  • highlightbackground − Background color of the highlight region when the widget has focus.
  • highlightcolor − Foreground color of the highlight region when the widget has focus.
  • selectbackground − Background color for the selected items of the widget.
  • selectforeground − Foreground color for the selected items of the widget.
from tkinter import *

main = Tk()
main.geometry("200x100")

B = Button(main, width = 10, height=5, text = "Hello", activebackground ="red", background ="yellow", foreground ="#0000ff")
B.pack()
main.mainloop()
colors

Python tkinter more examples

Fonts

import tkinter
from tkinter.font import Font

main = tkinter.Tk()
main.geometry("200x100")

myfont = Font (family ="Helvetica", size=12, weight = "bold", slant = "italic", underline = 1, overstrike = 1 )

B = tkinter.Button(main, font = myfont, text = "MyButton")
B.pack()
main.mainloop()
font

Relief

from tkinter import *
main = Tk()

Btn1 = Button(main, text ="FLAT", relief=FLAT )
Btn2 = Button(main, text ="RAISED", relief=RAISED )
Btn3 = Button(main, text ="SUNKEN", relief=SUNKEN )
Btn4 = Button(main, text ="GROOVE", relief=GROOVE )
Btn5 = Button(main, text ="RIDGE", relief=RIDGE )

Btn1.pack()
Btn2.pack()
Btn3.pack()
Btn4.pack()
Btn5.pack()
main.mainloop()
relief

Bitmaps

from tkinter import *

main = Tk()
MyButtonsLists = ["error","gray75","gray50","gray25","gray12",
				"hourglass","info","questhead","question","warning"]
for txt in MyButtonsLists:
	btns = Button(main, text= txt, bitmap= txt)
	btns.pack()

main.mainloop()
bitmaps

Cursors

from tkinter import *
main = Tk()
MyButtonsLists = ["arrow", "circle", "clock", "cross",
			"dotbox", "exchange", "fleur", "heart", 
			"heart", "man", "mouse", "pirate", "plus",
			"shuttle", "sizing", "spider", "spraycan", 
			"star", "target", "tcross", "trek", "watch"]

for txt in MyButtonsLists:
	btns = Button(main, text = txt, cursor = txt)
	btns.pack()

main.mainloop()
cursors

Button

from tkinter import *

top = Tk()

B = Button(top, text ="Hello")

B.pack()
B.place(bordermode=OUTSIDE, height=100, width=100)
top.mainloop()
place 1

Canvas

import tkinter
main = tkinter.Tk()
canvas = tkinter.Canvas(main, bg="blue", height=300, width=300)
chord = 10, 50, 240, 210 #X1, Y1, X2, Y2
canvas.create_arc(chord, start=0, extent=90, fill="red")

canvas.create_line(0, 0, 400, 400, fill="red")

canvas.create_polygon(55, 85, 155, 85, 105, 180, 55, 85, fill = "yellow")
					
canvas.pack()
main.mainloop()
canvas

Entry

from tkinter import *

main = Tk()
label = Label(main, text="User Name")
label.pack()

entry = Entry(main, bd =5)
entry.pack()

main.mainloop()
entry

Label

from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
label = Label( root, text = "HELLO FROM LABEL" )
label.pack()
def settext(val):
	label["text"] = val
	
btn = Button (root, text= "change text", command = lambda: settext("Changed text"))
btn.pack()

root.mainloop()
label

Check button

from tkinter import *

main = Tk()
for x in range(5):
	checkBtns = Checkbutton(main)
	checkBtns["text"] = str(x) + " Checkbutton"
	checkBtns.pack()
	
main.mainloop()
checkbutton

Radio button

from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
var = IntVar()
Rbutton1 = Radiobutton(root, text="Option 1", variable=var, value=1)
Rbutton1.pack()

Rbutton2 = Radiobutton(root, text="Option 2", variable=var, value=2)
Rbutton2.pack()

Rbutton3 = Radiobutton(root, text="Option 3", variable=var, value=3)
Rbutton3.pack()

root.mainloop()
radio button

Scale

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()
def setscalevalue(val):
	var2.set("Scale Value is {0}".format(var.get()))
var = IntVar()
var2 = StringVar()
scale = Scale( root, variable = var, command = setscalevalue )
scale.pack()

label = Label(root, textvariable = var2)
label.pack()
root.mainloop()
scale

Scrollbar

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()
scrollbar = Scrollbar(root)
scrollbar.pack( side = RIGHT, fill = Y )

mylist = Listbox(root, yscrollcommand = scrollbar.set)
for line in range(100):
   mylist.insert(line, "This is line number " + str(line))

mylist.pack( fill = BOTH )
scrollbar.config( command = mylist.yview )

mainloop()
python tkinter